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The NEJM study (2009) across eight countries showed the WHO 19-item checklist cut complications from 11% to 7% and in-hospital mortality from 1.5% to 0.8%.
The World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist is a sequence of 19 checks at three moments: before anesthesia, before incision and before the patient leaves the operating room. It confirms identity, surgical site, allergies, bleeding risk, blood availability, sponge and instrument counts and the recovery plan.
The study by Haynes and colleagues (New England Journal of Medicine, 2009), in eight hospitals across eight countries, associated its implementation with a reduction in major complications from 11.0% to 7.0% and in-hospital mortality from 1.5% to 0.8%. Later large-scale implementation studies show variable results depending on the quality of adoption: the checklist works when the team actually uses it, not when it is merely signed.
Ask your clinic whether the operating room uses the WHO checklist and who leads it. It is free, universal and the simplest sign that the team works to a standard.
This content summarizes scientific publications and professional-society guidelines; it does not replace your surgeon's or anesthesiologist's evaluation. Every item links its original source.